Lesson 06 � Foundation

OPERATORS:
SAB KUCH COMBINED.

Variables values store karte hain, lekin operators un values ke saath kaam karte hain � calculate, compare, combine. Bina operators ke code mein kuch productive nahi ho sakta.

WHY: operators kyun zaroori hain?

Socho aap ek calculator bana rahe ho ya kisi condition ko check kar rahe ho. Values rakhna kaafi nahi; unke saath operations karna padta hai � addition, comparison, logical combining. Operators wo symbols hain jo values ke saath kaam karte hain � arithmetic, comparison, logical sab included.

WHEN: har line mein operators

Har line mein operators hote hain � calculation, condition checking, variable update sab mein. Price nikalna ho, score compare karna ho, ya flag flip karna ho � operator hi kaam karta hai.

HOW: operators in action

Arithmetic operators

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b) # 13 (addition)
print(a - b) # 7 (subtraction)
print(a * b) # 30 (multiplication)
print(a / b) # 3.333 (division)
print(a // b) # 3 (floor division)
print(a % b) # 1 (modulo/remainder)
print(a ** b) # 1000 (power)

/ hamesha float deta hai, jabki // decimal part katkar integer deta hai. % remainder deta hai � divisibility check mein useful.

Comparison operators

print(10 > 5) # True
print(10 == 10) # True
print(10 != 5) # True
print(10 < 3) # False
print(10 >= 10) # True
print(5 <= 3) # False

Comparison operators hamesha True ya False return karte hain. == equality check hai, = assignment hai � dono mein confusion sabse common galti hai.

Logical operators

x = True
y = False

print(x and y) # False (dono True hone chahiye)
print(x or y) # True (kam se ek True ho)
print(not x) # False (ulta kar deta hai)

and tab True hai jab dono side True hon. or tab True hai jab kam se ek side True ho. not True ko False aur False ko True bana deta hai.

Assignment operators

count = 0
count += 5 # count = count + 5
count -= 2 # count = count - 2
count *= 3 # count = count * 3
count /= 2 # count = count / 2
print(count) # 4.5

Assignment operators code ko short aur readable banate hain. count += 5 same hai jaise count = count + 5, lekin zyada clean lagta hai.

Common mistakes

• = assignment hai, == comparison hai. Dono mein confusion sabse common galti hai.
• Integer division // float division / se alag hai. 10/3 = 3.333, 10//3 = 3.
• and/or lowercase mein hote hain; AND/OR invalid hai.
• Comparison mein = aur == mix mat karo � assignment aur comparison alag kaam karte hain.