Lesson 7 � Intermediate

Logical Reasoning

Logical reasoning mein blood relations, seating arrangement, syllogisms, direction sense aate hain. Har type ka apna shortcut hai. Chalo types samajhte hain aur shortcuts apply karte hain.

? 25 min✓ Intermediate✓ Basic logic

Blood Relations

WHAT

Blood relations mein family tree banana hota hai. Statements diye hote hain jaise "A, B ka father hai" aur tumhe relation nikalna hota hai. Diagram banana sabse fastest method hai.

WHEN

Har MNC exam mein 2-3 questions aate hain. 1 minute mein solve karna hai. Agar diagram ban gaya toh answer 10 seconds mein aa jaayega.

WHERE

Gender assume mat karo statements se. "Siblings" ka matlab brother ya sister � dono ho sakta hai. Hamesha diagram pe confirm karo.

Diagram Method: Square = Male, Circle = Female, Triangle = Unknown. Lines se relations dikhao. Statement by statement add karte jao. Final mein question ka answer nikalo.

# Example: "A is father of B. B is sister of C. C is mother of D."
# D is grandson/granddaughter of A

# Shortcut: Family tree banao
# A (?) � married to � ?
# |
# B (?) and C (?)
# |
# D (?/?)

# Quick approach: A se D kitne generations door hai?
# A ✓ B/C ✓ D = 2 generations = Grandparent

# Key shortcuts:
# "Father/Mother of X" ? 1 generation up
# "Son/Daughter of X" ? 1 generation down
# "Brother/Sister of X" ✓ same generation
# "Uncle/Aunt of X" ? 1 generation up, same family
# "Nephew/Niece of X" ? 1 generation down, different family

Seating Arrangement

Circular ya linear table pe log baithe hain. Clues diye hote hain � "A, B ke left mein hai", "C opposite D hai":

# Circular arrangement (8 people):
# Step 1: Ek person fix karo (A)
# Step 2: Clue by clue position assign karo
# Step 3: Jo confirm nahi hai wo mark karo

# Key positions:
# A opposite = A ke saamne wala
# A ke left = anti-clockwise (agar A facing center)
# A ke right = clockwise (agar A facing center)

# Example clues:
# "A is opposite B" ✓ A aur B saamne saamne hain
# "C is second to the left of A" ✓ A ke left mein ek chhod ke
# "D is between A and E" ✓ A, D, E consecutive hain

# Linear arrangement:
# Left-to-right fix karo
# "A is to the left of B" = A, B order
# "A is third to the left of B" = B ke left mein teen jagah

# Shortcut: Pehle fixed clues lagao (opposite, adjacent)
# Phir relative clues lagao (left of, right of)

Syllogisms

Do statements diye jaate hain aur conclusion nikalna hota hai. Venn diagram sabse fast method hai:

# Types of statements:
# "All A are B" ✓ A ka circle B ke andar
# "Some A are B" ✓ A aur B ka circle overlap
# "No A are B" ✓ A aur B alag hain
# "Some A are not B" ✓ A ka kuch part B mein nahi

# Venn diagram approach:
# Statement 1: "All dogs are animals"
# ✓ Dogs circle inside Animals circle

# Statement 2: "Some animals are cats"
# ✓ Animals aur Cats overlap

# Conclusion: "Some dogs are cats" ✓ NOT necessarily true
# Dogs ke saare animals hain, but cats sirf kuch animals hain

# Shortcut rules:
# "All A are B" + "All B are C" ? "All A are C" ?
# "Some A are B" + "Some B are C" ✓ No conclusion
# "All A are B" + "No B are C" ? "No A are C" ?
# "Some A are B" + "No B are C" ? "Some A are not C" ?

Direction Sense

Ek aadmi chal raha hai � North, South, East, West. Distance aur direction dono important hain:

# Directions:
# North = Up, South = Down, East = Right, West = Left
# North-East = Up-Right, etc.

# Example: "A 5km North gaya, phir 3km East, phir 5km South"
# Final position: 3km East of starting point

# Shortcut: North-South cancel karo (5km N, 5km S = net 0)
# East-West add karo (3km E = 3km East)

# For final direction from start:
# North components = Total north - Total south
# East components = Total east - Total west
# Direction = tan?�(North/East) ✓ but exam mein diagram se

# Distance from start:
# v(North� + East�) = v(0� + 3�) = 3km

# Key shortcut:
# Agar North = South distance, toh net vertical = 0
# Agar East = West distance, toh net horizontal = 0
# Direction sirf remaining component se decide hota hai

Pro Tip: Direction problems mein hamesha diagram banao. Statement by statement draw karte jao. Final point pe seedha answer dekh sakte ho � angle calculate karne ki zaroorat nahi hai.

Exercise

Question: "A is father of B. B is mother of C." C, A ka kya hai? (Answer: grandson, granddaughter, ya grandchild � koi ek daalo)

Question: A 3km North gaya, phir 4km East gaya. Starting point se seedhi doori kitni hai km mein? (Sirf number)

Question: Statement 1: "All dogs are animals." Statement 2: "All animals are living beings." Conclusion: "All dogs are living beings." Kya conclusion true hai? (Answer: "conclusion follows" ya "true" daalo)

Question: A 4km North gaya, phir 3km South gaya, phir 4km West gaya. Starting point se kitni doori hai? (Sirf number ya number+km)

Common mistakes

Blood relations mein gender assume karna: "Sibling" = brother ya sister dono ho sakta hai. Gender clear hona chahiye statement mein.
Circular seating mein left/right confuse karna: Jab center ki taraf baithe ho, toh left = anti-clockwise, right = clockwise.
Syllogism mein "some" ka matlab galat lena: "Some A are B" ka matlab "Some A are NOT B" nahi hota. Dono alag statements hain.
Direction mein final position miss karna: Hamesha starting point se final position tak ka net distance nikalo.

Lesson complete?

Logical reasoning samajh aa gaya✓ Ab Data Interpretation seekhte hain � charts, graphs, tables se data nikalna.